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Kuyamba kwa Mwezi wa Ramadan ku Malawi

Mwezi wa Ramadan ndi nthawi yapadera kwambiri komanso yopatulika m'chipembedzo cha Chisilamu, yomwe imadziwika ndi kusala kudya, kupemphera, komanso kudziletsa ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lino. Kwa Asilamu ku Malawi, kuyamba kwa mwezi wa Ramadan ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri yomwe imabweretsa mzimu wa umodzi, chifundo, komanso kuyandikira kwa Mulungu (Allah). Ramadan ndi mwezi wachisanu ndi chinayi pa kalendala ya Chisilamu (Hijri), ndipo umathandiza okhulupirira kuti atsitsimutse chikhulupiriro chawo komanso kuti azimva chisoni ndi anthu osauka omwe sakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse.

Chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa Ramadan kukhala yapadera ndi chikhulupiriro choti m'mwezi umenewu ndi pamene buku lopatulika la Quran linayamba kuvumbulutsidwa kwa Mtumiki Muhammad (mtendere ukhale naye). Pa chifukwa chimenechi, Asilamu amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi imeneyi powerenga Quran kwambiri, kuchita mapemphero owonjezera otchedwa Taraweeh usiku, komanso kupereka sadaka kapena thandizo kwa osowa. M'dziko la Malawi, lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha Asilamu, makamaka m'maboma a m'mbali mwa nyanja komanso m'mizinda ikuluikulu, mzimu wa Ramadan umaoneka paliponse kudzera m'makhalidwe abwino komanso mgwirizano pakati pa anthu.

Kusala kudya (Sawm) ndi chimodzi mwa mizati isanu ya Chisilamu. Kuchokera m'bandakucha mpaka dzuwa kulowa, Asilamu amadziletsa kudya chakudya, kumwa madzi, kusuta fodya, komanso kuchita zinthu zina zomwe zingasokoneze kusala kwawo. Cholinga cha kusala kumeneku si kungokhala ndi njala chabe, koma ndikuphunzitsa mzimu kukhala ndi kuleza mtima, kudziletsa, komanso kuthokoza Mulungu pa madalitso omwe amatipatsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi nthawi yomwe Asilamu amayesetsa kusiya makhalidwe oipa monga miseche, mikangano, ndi kudzikuza, n'cholinga choti akhale anthu abwino pamaso pa Mulungu komanso m'dera lomwe amakhala.

Kodi Ramadan Idzayamba Liti mu 2026?

Chaka cha 2026, mwezi wa Ramadan ukuyembekezeka kuyamba pa February 18, 2026, yomwe idzakhala tsiku la Wednesday. Pakadali pano, kwatsala masiku 46 kuti mwezi umenewu ulowe.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti tsiku loyambira Ramadan silikhala lokhazikika chaka chilichonse pa kalendala ya Chizungu (Gregorian). Izi zili choncho chifukwa kalendala ya Chisilamu imatsatira mayendedwe a mwezi (lunar calendar). Choncho, kuyamba kwa Ramadan kumatengera kuoneka kwa mwezi watsopano (crescent moon). Ngati mwezi uoneka madzulo a tsiku la 29 la mwezi wa Shaban, ndiye kuti Ramadan imayamba tsiku lotsatira. Ngati mwezi sunaoneke, mwezi wa Shaban umatha masiku 30, ndipo Ramadan imayamba pambuyo pake. Ku Malawi, bungwe la Muslim Association of Malawi (MAM) ndi lomwe limalengeza mwalamulo kuyamba kwa mwezi wa Ramadan pambuyo poti mwezi waoneka m'malo osiyanasiyana m'dziko muno kapena m'maiko oyandikana nawo.

Mbiri ndi Chiyambi cha Ramadan

Mbiri ya Ramadan inayambira m'zaka za m'ma 610 AD, pamene Mtumiki Muhammad (mtendere ukhale naye) anali m'phanga la Hira m'mizinda ya Mecca. Ali kumeneko, mngelo Jibril (Gabriel) anamuvumbulutsira vesi loyamba la Quran. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mwezi wa Ramadan unakhala mwezi wopatulika. Mu chaka chachiwiri pambuyo poti Asilamu asamukira ku Medina (Hijra), kusala kudya m'mwezi wa Ramadan kunakhala lamulo kwa Asilamu onse amene ali ndi thanzi labwino.

Buku la Quran limati: "Inu amene mwakhulupirira! Kusala kudya kwalamulidwa kwa inu monga momwe kwalamulidwa kwa iwo omwe adalipo inu musanabadwe, kuti mukhale ndi Taqwa (kumuopa Mulungu)." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183). Mawu akuti 'Taqwa' apa akutanthauza kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha Mulungu nthawi zonse komanso kukhala ndi khalidwe loyenera.

M'mbiri ya dziko la Malawi, Chisilamu chinafika kudzera mwa amalonda a Chiarabu omwe ankachita malonda m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Malawi m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Izi zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri m'maboma monga Mangochi, Machinga, Salima, ndi Nkhotakota alandire Chisilamu. Choncho, mwambo wa Ramadan wakhala ukuchitika ku Malawi kwa zaka zopitilira zana limodzi, ndipo unakhala mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri m'dziko muno.

Momwe Anthu a ku Malawi Amasungira Ramadan

Ku Malawi, mwezi wa Ramadan umabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa Asilamu. Kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku, pali ndondomeko zapadera zomwe zimatsatidwa:

1. Suhoor (Chakudya cha m'mawa kwambiri)

Asilamu amadzuka m'mawa kwambiri, dzuwa lisanatuluke (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 3:00 am ndi 4:30 am), kuti adye chakudya chotchedwa Suhoor. Chakudyachi ndi chofunika kwambiri chifukwa chimapatsa munthu mphamvu yoti athe kukhala tsiku lonse popanda kudya kapena kumwa. Ku Malawi, anthu ambiri amadya zakudya monga mpunga, mgaiwa, kapena phala la ufa, komanso kumwa tiyi wambiri kapena madzi kuti asakhale ndi ludzu masana.

2. Mapemphero a Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Munthu wosala amapitiriza kupemphera mapemphero asanu a tsiku ndi tsiku (Salat). Komabe, m'mwezi wa Ramadan, misikiti imakhala yodzaza kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. Anthu ambiri amayesetsa kupempherera kusikiti kuti apeze malipiro owonjezera kuchokera kwa Mulungu.

3. Iftar (Kuswa Kusala)

Dzuwa likangolowa, Asilamu amadya chakudya choswa kusala chomwe chimatchedwa Iftar. Mwambo wa ku Malawi ndi woti anthu amayamba ndi kudya zipatso monga madeti (dates) kapena kumwa madzi, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Mtumiki Muhammad. Pambuyo pake, mabanja amasonkhana pamodzi kuti adye zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amapatsana zakudya ndi anansi awo, ngakhale omwe si Asilamu, kusonyeza chikondi ndi umodzi. Zakudya zodziwika bwino pa Iftar ku Malawi ndi monga: Vitumbuwa: Zokhwasula-khwasula zopangidwa ndi ufa wa mpunga. Zitumbuwa za nthochi: Zopangidwa ndi nthochi ndi ufa. Samosa: Zopangidwa ndi nyama kapena masamba. Phala la mpunga kapena chimanga.

4. Swalat ya Taraweeh

Usiku uliwonse pambuyo pa swalat ya Isha (pemphero la usiku), Asilamu amasonkhana m'misikiti kuti apemphere Taraweeh. Awa ndi mapemphero aatali omwe amaphatikizapo kuwerenga mbali zazikulu za Quran. Ndi nthawi yamtendere komanso yofuna chikhululukiro kwa Mulungu.

Miyambo ndi Machitidwe a mu Ramadan ku Malawi

Mwezi wa Ramadan ku Malawi uli ndi miyambo yake yomwe imapangitsa nthawi imeneyi kukhala yosangalatsa:

Kuthandiza Osauka (Zakat ndi Sadaka): M'mwezi wa Ramadan, Asilamu amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kupereka thandizo. Mabanja ambiri amakonza mapaketi a chakudya (monga ufa, mafuta, shuga, ndi mchere) n'kumagawira anthu osowa m'midzi mwawo. Mabungwe achisilamu amakonza mapulogalamu akuluakulu ogawira zakudya m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko la Malawi.

Kusonkhana kwa Mabanja: Ramadan ndi nthawi yomwe mabanja amakhala pamodzi. Ngakhale anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina amayesetsa kupita kwawo kumudzi kuti akaswe kusala ndi makolo awo kapena abale awo. Kudyera pamodzi mbale imodzi ndi mwambo womwe umathandiza kulimbitsa chikondi.

Kuwerenga Quran (Khatm): Asilamu ambiri amakhala ndi cholinga choti amalize kuwerenga buku lonse la Quran m'mwezi umodzi wa Ramadan. Izi zimachitika poyenga mbali imodzi tsiku lililonse. M'misikiti, akatswiri a zachipembedzo (Sheiks) amachititsa maphunziro a Quran otchedwa Tafseer, komwe amatanthauzira mavesi a Quran m'chilankhulo cha Chichewa kuti anthu amve uthenga wa Mulungu bwino.

Laylat al-Qadr (Usiku wa Mphamvu): Uwu ndi usiku wopatulika kwambiri m'mwezi wa Ramadan, womwe umakhala m'masiku khumi omaliza (nthawi zambiri pa tsiku la 27 la Ramadan). Mu 2026, usiku umenewu ukuyembekezeka kukhala pa March 16. Asilamu amakhulupirira kuti kupemphera pa usiku umenewu kuli ndi malipiro oposa kupemphera kwa miyezi chikwi chimodzi (zaka 83). Anthu ambiri amacheza usiku wonse m'misikiti akupemphera ndi kupempha madalitso.

Kuyamba kwa Ramadan ndi Moyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Kuyamba kwa Ramadan ku Malawi kumakhudza mmene zinthu zimayendera m'madera ambiri. Ngakhale kuti dziko la Malawi lili ndi anthu a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, pali ulemu waukulu womwe umaonedwa m'mwezi umenewu.

Kodi ndi Tsiku la Phompo (Public Holiday)?

Kuyamba kwa Ramadan si tsiku la phompo (public holiday) ku Malawi. Maofesi a boma, mabungwe a anthu wamba, masukulu, ndi mashopu amakhala otsegula monga mwa masiku onse. Komabe, m'malo omwe muli Asilamu ambiri, mutha kuona kuti mashopu ena amatseka msanga madzulo kuti eni ake akaswe kusala ndi mabanja awo.

M'maofesi ena, ogwira ntchito achisilamu amatha kupempheka kuti achepetseko nthawi yopuma masana (lunch break) n'cholinga choti azitha kuweruka msanga. Masukulu ena achisilamu amathanso kusintha nthawi yawo yophunzirira kuti athandize ana ndi aphimbatira omwe akusala.

Malonda m'mwezi wa Ramadan

M'mwezi wa Ramadan, malonda a zakudya amakwera kwambiri ku Malawi. Misika imakhala yodzaza ndi anthu ogula zipatso, ufa, shuga, ndi nyama. Amalonda ambiri amayesetsa kuitanitsa madeti (dates) kuchokera kunja kwa dziko chifukwa ndicho chakudya chofunika kwambiri pakuswa kusala. Komabe, kukhala kwa Ramadan kumabweretsanso zovuta zina monga kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu, zomwe boma ndi atsogoleri a zipembedzo amapempha amalonda kuti asachite n'cholinga choti asawonjezere mtolo kwa anthu osauka.

Mapeto a Ramadan: Eid al-Fitr

Mwezi wa Ramadan ukatha, Asilamu amachita chikondwerero chachikulu chotchedwa Eid al-Fitr. Izi zimachitika pambuyo poti mwezi watsopano wa Shawwal waoneka. Eid al-Fitr ndi tsiku la chisangalalo, kuthokoza Mulungu chifukwa chowapatsa mphamvu yomaliza kusala, komanso kukhululukirana.

Pa tsiku la Eid:

1. Pemphero la Eid: Asilamu amasonkhana m'malo aakulu owala (Eidgah) kapena m'misikiti ikuluikulu m'mawa kwambiri kuti apemphere pemphero lapadera la Eid.
2. Zakat al-Fitr: Musanapemphere Eid, Mwisilamu aliyense amayenera kupereka chakudya kapena ndalama kwa osauka kuti nawo athe kusangalala pa tsikuli.
3. Chisangalalo: Anthu amavala zovala zatsopano kapena zabwino kwambiri, amapatsana mphatso, komanso amachezera achibale ndi abwenzi. Zakudya zamitundumitundu zimaphikidwa ndipo anthu amadya momasuka pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi wosala.

Ku Malawi, tsiku la Eid al-Fitr ndi tsiku la phompo (public holiday). Maofesi onse a boma, mabanki, ndi masukulu amakhala otsekedwa kuti apatse mwayi Asilamu komanso aMalawi onse kusangalala ndi tsikuli. Phompo limeneli limasonyeza umodzi ndi kulemekezana kwa zipembedzo komwe kulipo m'dziko la Malawi.

Malangizo kwa Omwe Si Asilamu m'mwezi wa Ramadan

Ngati muli ku Malawi m'mwezi wa Ramadan ndipo simuli Mwisilamu, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasonyezere ulemu kwa anzanu omwe akusala:

Pewani kudya kapena kumwa pamaso pa anthu omwe akusala: Ngakhale kuti Asilamu sakukakamizani kuti musadye, kusonyeza ulemu pofuna kudya kwanu kwayekha kumayamikiridwa kwambiri. Lankhulani mawu olimbikitsa: Mutha kuuza anzanu kuti "Ramadan Kareem" kapena "Ramadan Mubarak," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "Ramadan yodalitsika." Khalani oleza mtima: Nthawi zina anthu osala amatha kukhala otopa pang'ono masana chifukwa cha njala ndi ludzu. Kukhala omvetsa zinthu kumathandiza kulimbitsa ubale. Lowani nawo pa Iftar: Ngati mwaitanidwa kukaswa kusala ndi banja lachisilamu, musazengereze kupita. Ndi mwayi wabwino wophunzira chikhalidwe cha anzawo komanso kusangalala ndi zakudya zokoma za ku Malawi.

Chidule

Kuyamba kwa Ramadan mu 2026 ku Malawi ndi nthawi ya chiyembekezo ndi chitukuko cha uzimu. Pa February 18, 2026, Asilamu m'dziko lonselo adzayamba ulendo wa masiku 29 kapena 30 ofuna kuyandikira