National Heroes' Day

Umunsi w’Intwari mu Rwanda: Kuzirikana Ubwitange, Ubumwe n’Ubutwari Bukomeye

Umunsi w’Intwari mu Rwanda ni umunsi ukomeye cyane mu mateka n’umuco by’igihugu, uzirikana abagabo n’abagore bagaragaje ubwitange budasanzwe, urukundo rw’igihugu, n’ubutwari mu kurengera ubusugire n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda. Uyu munsi ntabwo ari ikiruhuko gusa cyo kuryama, ahubwo ni umwanya ukomeye wo gutekereza ku ndangagaciro zubatse u Rwanda rushya nyuma y’ibihe bikomeye rwayonze, cyane cyane Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 n’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Ni umunsi wubaha abatanze ubuzima bwabo kugira ngo abandi babeho mu mahoro, mu bwisanzure, n’ubutabera.

Icyatuma uyu munsi uba uw’umwihariko ni uburyo uhuza amateka ya kera n’ay’ubu. U Rwanda rufite amateka maremare y’ubutwari kuva mu gihe cy’abami, aho intwari zarwaniraga kwagura igihugu no kucyubaka, kugeza mu bihe bya vuba aho urubyiruko rwanze akarengane n’amacakubiri, rugahitamo gufata intwaro rurwanira ukuri. Uyu munsi ufasha Abanyarwanda, cyane cyane urubyiruko, kumva ko ubutwari atari ibintu by’amateka gusa, ahubwo ari indangagaciro igomba kubaranga mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi kugira ngo bakomeze kubaka igihugu cyishoboye kandi gifite icyerekezo.

Mu Rwanda, ubutwari bufatwa nka nkingi ya mwamba mu rugendo rwo kwigira (Self-reliance/Kwiyemeza). Buri tariki ya mbere gashyantare, igihugu cyose kiratuza, kigahagarika imirimo imwe n’imwe, kikibuka ayo mateka. Ni igihe cyo gusubiza amaso nyuma tukareba aho twavuye, tukazirikana abaharaniye ko tugera aho turye uyu munsi, kandi tukanareba imbere twiyemeza gukomeza uwo murage mwiza. Uyu munsi ushimangira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ukerekana ko icyaduhawe n’intwari ari umurage ukomeye tugomba kurinda twivuye inyuma.

Igihe uyu munsi uzabera mu mwaka wa 2026

Umunsi w’Intwari uba buri mwaka ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare. Mu mwaka wa 2026, uyu munsi uzaba ku buryo bukurikira:

Umunsi w’icyumweru: Sunday Itariki: February 1, 2026 Iminsi isigaye: Hasigaye iminsi 29 ngo uyu munsi ugere.

Itariki ya 1 Gashyantare ni itariki idahinduka (fixed date) mu Rwanda. Niyo yaba iguye mu mpera z’icyumweru (nk’uko bimeze muri uyu mwaka wa 2026 aho uzaba ku cyumweru), ibirori n’imihango bijyanye nawo birakomeza, ndetse akenshi iyo umunsi mukuru waguye ku cyumweru, umunsi ukurikira wa mbere ushobora gutangazwa nk’ikiruhuko mu rwego rwo guha abakozi umwanya wo kuruhuka no kuzirikana uwo munsi.

Amateka n’Inkomoko y’Umunsi w’Intwari

Amateka y’ubutwari mu Rwanda ntabwo yatangiye vuba aha; afite imizi mu muco n’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda kuva kera. Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, ubutwari bwari bushingiye ku kurinda igihugu abanzi, kwagura imbibi, no gukora ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu muryango. Intwari zahabwaga imidari n’impeta by’ishimwe nk’Impeta y’Impamyabigwi cyamanikwaga mu ijosi ry’uwagaragaje ubutwari ku rugamba.

Nyuma y’ubukoloni n’ibihe by’amacakubiri byagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hari hakenewe uburyo bushya bwo kuzirikana ubutwari bushingiye ku bumwe, ubwiyunge, no kubaka igihugu gishya. Nyuma y’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho itegeko rigenga imitwe y’intwari n’uburyo zatoranywa. Ibi byakozwe hagamijwe kwigisha Abanyarwanda ko ubutwari budashingiye ku bwoko, idini, cyangwa inkomoko, ahubwo bushingiye ku bikorwa by’indashyikirwa bikorerwa igihugu.

Ibyiciro by’Intwari z’u Rwanda

Mu Rwanda, intwari zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu by’ingenzi hashingiwe ku rwego rw’ubutwari n’ubwitange bagaragaje:

1. Icyiciro cy’Imanzi

Iki nicyo cyiciro cy’ikirenga. Intwari ziri muri iki cyiciro ni izagaragaje ubutwari butangaje, kandi akenshi zitanze ubuzima bwazo ku bw’igihugu. Muri iki cyiciro harimo: Umusingi w’Intwari (Umusirikare utazwi): Uyu ahagarariye abasirikare bose baguye ku rugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ariko imyirondoro yabo ikaba itazwi neza cyangwa se bose bakaba bahagarariwe n’uyu muntu umwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwitange bw’ingabo. Imva ye iri ku Gashyirahamwe ry’Intwari i Remera. Major General Fred Gisa Rwigyema: Yari umuyobozi w’ingabo za RPA (Rwanda Patriotic Army) watangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Yaguye ku rugamba ku munsi wa kabiri w’intambara, ariko umurava n’icyerekezo yatanze byakomeje kubera abandi urugero kugeza igihugu kibohowe.

2. Icyiciro cy’Imena

Iki cyiciro kirimo intwari zagaragaje ubutwari bukomeye, kwitanga, n’ubunyangamugayo budasanzwe. Muri bo harimo: Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa: Azwiho kuba yararwanyije ubukoloni, agaca ubuhake, kandi agaharanira ubumwe n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda. Yashyigikiye cyane uburezi n’iterambere ry’Abanyarwanda bose atarobanuye. Agathe Uwilingiyimana: Yari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda ubwo Jenoside yatangiraga mu 1994. Yarwanyije akarengane n’amacakubiri, yanga guhunga inshingano ze kugeza ubwo yishwe n’ingabo zari zishinzwe kurinda umukuru w’igihugu kubera ko yari ashyigikiye ko habaho amahoro n’ubumwe. Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange: Aba ni abanyeshuri bigaga ku kigo cy’ishuri ry’i Nyange mu Karere ka Karongi. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997, batewe n’abacengezi (Interahamwe n’ingabo zahoze ari iza Leta) babasaba kwitandukanya bakurikije amoko (Abahutu ku ruhande, Abatutsi ku rundi). Aba banyeshuri baranze, bavuga bati "Twese turi Abanyarwanda". Ibi byatumye bamwe bicwa abandi barakomereka, ariko basiga icyigisho gikomeye cy’ubumwe cyatsinze amacakubiri. Michel Ilibagiza: Umugore wagaragaje ubutwari mu gihe cya Jenoside no mu bihe byo kubaka igihugu.

3. Icyiciro cy’Ingenzi

Iki cyiciro kigenewe intwari zikiriho cyangwa zatabarutse zagaragaje ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa, ubwitange, n’ubunyangamugayo mu buzima bwabo bwite cyangwa mu mirimo bakoreye igihugu. Kugeza ubu, urutonde rw’abari muri iki cyiciro ruracyanozwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Imidari n’Impeta by’Ishimwe (CHENO).

Uburyo Abanyarwanda Bizihiza uyu Munsi

Ibirori by’Umunsi w’Intwari mu Rwanda birangwa n’icyubahiro n’ituze, ntabwo ari ibirori by’urusaku cyangwa kwinezeza gusa, ahubwo ni ibirori byo kuzirikana.

Imihango ku rwego rw’Igihugu

Umunsi utangira ku mugaragaro ku Gashyirahamwe ry’Intwari (National Heroes' Mausoleum) i Remera, mu Karere ka Gasabo, Kigali. Gushyira indabo ku mva: Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ari hamwe n’abandi bayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, abahagarariye imiryango y’intwari, n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda, bashyira indabo ku mva z’intwari zishyinguye muri uwo musozi. Icyubahiro n’Indirimbo: Habaho umunota wo guceceka mu rwego rwo kunamira intwari, hagakurikiraho indirimbo y’igihugu n’indirimbo zubahiriza intwari z’u Rwanda. Ijambo rya Perezida: Perezida ageza ubutumwa ku Banyarwanda, abibutsa indangagaciro zaranze intwari n’uburyo bagomba kuzikomeza mu rugamba rwo kubaka igihugu, kurwanya ubukene, no gushimangira ubumwe.

Ibirori mu nzego z’ibanze

Uyu munsi ntabwo wizihirizwa i Kigali gusa. Mu midugudu yose y’u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda barahura bakaganira ku butwari. Ibiganiro: Mu nzego z’ibanze, habaho ibiganiro byibanda ku mateka y’intwari z’u Rwanda, indangagaciro z’ubutwari, n’uburyo buri muturage ashobora kuba intwari mu byo akora buri munsi (umuhinzi mwiza, mwalimu witanga, umuganga unyangamugayo, n’ibindi). Umuco n’Imyidagaduro: Habaho imbyino gakondo, imivugo, n’indirimbo zisingiza ubutwari. Amatorero atandukanye atoranya imbyino zerekana imirimbanyo n’ubwitange bw’intwari.

Icyumweru cy’Intwari (Heroes' Week)

Mbere y’uko itariki ya 1 Gashyantare igera, habaho icyumweru cyahariwe ibikorwa by’intwari. Muri iki cyumweru: Imikino: Habaho amarushanwa y’imikino itandukanye nka ruhago (football), basketball, volleyball y’abafite ubumuga (sitting volleyball), n’isiganwa ry’amagare. Iyi mikino ihuza urubyiruko n’abakuze mu rwego rwo kwishimira intwari. Ibitaramo: Habaho ibitaramo by’indirimbo n’imivugo, cyane cyane mu ijoro ribanziriza umunsi w’intwari (Hero’s Day Eve Concert). Ubukangurambaga mu mashuri: Inzego zishinzwe ubutwari basura amashuri makuru n’ayisumbuye kugira ngo basobanurire abanyeshuri amateka y’intwari, hagamijwe kubaka umuryango w’ejo hazaza ufite indangagaciro.

Imigenzo n’Indangagaciro Zijyanye n’Uyu Munsi

Umunsi w’Intwari ntabwo ari umunsi w’imigenzo y’ibiryo byihariye cyangwa imyambaro nk’iy’iminsi mikuru ya kidini, ahubwo ni umunsi w’indangagaciro.

1. Ubumwe (Unity): Uyu munsi ushimangira ko u Rwanda ari rumwe, kandi ko intwari zarwaniriye ko Abanyarwanda bose bagira amahirwe angana mu gihugu cyabo.
2. Ubwitange (Sacrifice): Kwigomwa inyungu zawe bwite ku bw’inyungu rusange z’igihugu n’abaturage.
3. Gukunda Igihugu (Patriotism): Kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu no guharanira ko kigira ijambo mu mahanga.
4. Ubunyangamugayo (Integrity): Kuba umuntu w’inyangamugayo mu bikorwa byose, uharanira ukuri n’ubutabera.

Mu muryango, ababyeyi bafata uyu mwanya bakaganiriza abana babo ku mateka y’igihugu. Ni igihe cyo kubabwira inkuru z’abanyeshuri b’i Nyange cyangwa ubutwari bwa Fred Rwigyema, kugira ngo abana bakure bazi ko bafite inshingano yo kurinda ibyo izo ntwari zaharaniye.

Inama ku Basura u Rwanda n’Abanyamahanga (Expats)

Niba uri umunyamahanga uri mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’Umunsi w’Intwari muri 2026, dore bimwe mu byo wagenderaho:

Kubaha Ituze ry’Umunsi: Uzibonera ko uyu munsi ari uw’icyubahiro cyinshi. Irinde gusakuza cyangwa gukora ibikorwa bishobora kubangamira ituze ry’abantu bari mu bihe byo kuzirikana intwari. Kwitabira Imihango: Niba utuye mu mudugudu, ushobora gusaba kwifatanya n’abaturanyi bawe mu biganiro by’umunsi. Ni uburyo bwiza bwo kwiga amateka y’u Rwanda n’indangagaciro zarwo. Gusura Urwibutso ry’Intwari: Ushobora gusura urwibutso ry’intwari i Remera (Mausoleum), ariko ubanje kureba niba imihango ya leta yarangiye kuko akenshi mu gitondo haba hari abayobozi bakuru gusa. Nyuma ya saa sita biba byemewe ko abaturage basura. Imyambaro: Nta mwambaro wihariye uretse kwambara mu buryo bwiyubashye (modest dressing), cyane cyane niba witabiriye imihango y’ubuyobozi cyangwa niba wasuye urwibutso. Iteganyagihe: Muri Gashyantare, u Rwanda ruba rufite ikirere cyiza, kimeze nka "spring" mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba (ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 20-25°C). Imvura iba ari nkeya, bityo birashoboka cyane ko ibirori byo hanze biba bimeze neza.

Ese uyu munsi ni ikiruhuko rusange?

Yego, Umunsi w’Intwari ni ikiruhuko rusange cyemewe n’amategeko mu Rwanda (Public Holiday).

Ibigo bifunga: Ibiro bya leta, amabanki, amashuri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi binini biba bifunze. Ibigo bikora: Ibitaro, polisi, n’izindi nzego z’umutekano n’ubuzima bikomeza gukora nk’ibisanzwe. Amaduka mato, amahoteri, n’ama